The concept of maintenance and repair of equipment. Maintenance and repair system What is a maintenance system

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10.08.2018, 12:24 180187 0 Assembly of Motorists

All drivers are well aware that car maintenance is part of its operation. However, there is still a category of car owners who believe that no one needs a scheduled inspection of a car with the replacement of spare parts recommended by the manufacturer and that this is just money thrown away.

Is it really? What is scheduled maintenance? How does it happen? What does it include and how often should it be done for different car brands? Is it necessary to do this at all? Experts answer questions, express their opinion and give advice.

So. Why do a scheduled inspection?

First of all, you need to understand that car maintenance itself is a preventive measure that is aimed at preventing possible problems in the early stages. Those who believe that if it is more economical to wait for a part to fail and then replace it than to undergo scheduled maintenance, they are deeply mistaken. Any auto service will confirm that car repairs are much more expensive. And even if there is a new car of a world brand, the laws of physics work for its units in the same way as for cars with high mileage, so even a small error in operation or a malfunction detected during diagnostics can avoid serious breakdowns or even accidents.

Moreover, unlike cars of past generations, a modern car is a complex of the most complex units controlled by electronics, so computer diagnostics and other measures are indispensable.

Types of scheduled maintenance and what does it include?

The frequency of replacement of various materials and parts of a particular brand of car is indicated in the manual for it. Knowing these recommendations of the manufacturer and taking into account the mileage of a particular car, they determine the frequency of scheduled maintenance of the car. At the same time, the following types of maintenance are carried out for all machines.

EO - daily inspection, which includes activities required before each departure.

At the same time, the driver himself checks the general condition of the car, the position and possible adjustment of mirrors, the operation of sensors, headlights, other electrical equipment, checking the steering system, brakes, body condition - in a word, inspecting the car and those activities that can be performed independently.

- maintenance, which should be carried out depending on the requirements of the car manufacturer every 10, 15 or 20 thousand km.

Typically, TO 1 includes the following types of work:

– replacement of the air filter;

- Change of oil;

- check battery charge;

– Inspection of spark plugs;

– lubrication of hinges;

– checking tires with balancing, and pumping if necessary;

– checking the level of technical fluids with topping up if necessary;

- diagnostics of running and braking systems, electrical equipment and other auto systems with the elimination of identified errors and malfunctions.

TO 2 - maintenance carried out every 30 thousand kilometers. Its goals and objectives are the same as in TO 1, but with a larger amount of work and their higher complexity.

For example, when carrying out maintenance 2, the fuel filter, cabin filter are changed, the brake fluid and coolant are changed. During maintenance 2, the timing belt can be replaced and other work can be done.

SO - seasonal maintenance. Obviously, this type of maintenance is carried out 2 times a year and includes measures to prepare the car for changing weather conditions, such as changing the oil for seasonal, rubber, checking the interior heater, air conditioning, etc.

Below are examples of scheduled maintenance regulations for some car brands. Each regulation is a document indicating the list of events and the frequency of their implementation.

Scheduled maintenance KIA Sportage III

There are similar regulations for scheduled maintenance of Nissan, Mercedes, Mazda. In a word, there are work grids for periodic maintenance of absolutely all brands of manufactured machines.

How much does maintenance cost and can you save on it?

Obviously, a technically trained car owner can carry out some types of work on their own. At the same time, a maintenance schedule should still be drawn up, and if necessary, for example, computer diagnostics of systems or other complex events, you should contact a car service.

All this is true for cars with high mileage. But if it is necessary to maintain the guarantee of a saloon car, one cannot do without contacting authorized auto centers and undergoing maintenance there with the appropriate marks in the service books. You can save only if the service allows the passage of maintenance with its consumables.

In addition, you need to understand that the prices for maintenance in authorized car services, even within the same official dealer, can vary greatly. This also applies to the materials they use. Practice shows that if you are not too lazy, call different services and compare prices, you can save up to 20% on work and up to 50% on materials.

The conclusion is simple. Scheduled maintenance is necessary, you can try to save money on them, but you absolutely cannot risk your car and ignore them!

Types and frequency of vehicle maintenance

Many car owners are interested in what car is the most reliable? The answer is simple. A car is reliable one that is properly and correctly technically serviced. The main difference between car maintenance and repair is that it is a preventive measure.

Maintaining a vehicle in good technical condition Maintaining its appearance is the main task of car maintenance. It includes a set of planned preventive works, the purpose of which is to reduce the intensity of wear of parts, prevent malfunctions, detect and eliminate them in a timely manner, and maintain the integrity of the appearance of cars.

Vehicle maintenance is carried out:

Forced

As planned,

After a certain run,

Regardless of the technical condition of the car.

The "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport" establishes the following types of maintenance, which differ in the amount of work and the frequency of their implementation:

daily maintenance (EO);
maintenance No. 1 (TO-1);
maintenance No. 2 (TO-2);
seasonal maintenance (SO).

Types of car maintenance include a certain amount of mandatory cleaning and washing, lubricating, cleaning, refueling, control, fixing and adjustment work.

The frequency of various types of car maintenance depends on the type and brand of car and the conditions of their operation. Severe driving conditions: city traffic, off-road driving, operation of the car in winter at low ambient temperatures and in summer at high ambient temperatures require more frequent maintenance.

Daily maintenance (EO) is carried out once a day, after a long car trip. It consists in bringing the appearance of the car and the internal parts of the body into proper condition, checking the refueling of units and mechanisms with fuel, oil, water and air, checking the completeness and technical serviceability of all vehicle units, as well as checking the condition of the tires.

The first maintenance (TO-1) includes all the work carried out during the EO, and, in addition, a number of additional lubrication, fixing, control and adjustment work, performed, as a rule, without removing the units and mechanisms from the car or disassembling them and aimed at fault warning.

The second maintenance (TO-2) includes all the work performed during TO-1, as well as additionally more in-depth work to prevent malfunctions and reduce wear.

The first and second maintenance is carried out after a certain mileage, depending on the operating conditions.

Car maintenance includes the following types of work:

lubricants;
adjusting;
control and diagnostic;
fixing;
filling stations;
electrotechnical.

The task of daily maintenance is to maintain the proper appearance of the car, control and carry out refueling, check the engine oil level, check the brake and coolant levels, and top up the windshield washer fluid, as well as control road safety.

Each time before driving, the driver must check:

Completeness of the car and the condition of its body;

Availability and adjustment of rear-view mirrors;

Availability and readability of state registration plates;

Serviceability of door locks, as well as locks of the hood and trunk;

Serviceability of electrical equipment (lighting and signaling devices, "wipers");

Tightness of power supply, lubrication and cooling systems and the availability of appropriate consumable fluids;

Tightness of the hydraulic drive of the brake system;

Free play of the steering wheel;

Operation of instrumentation.

Vehicle maintenance

Weekly checks

A few simple tips will help you save both time and money. Do regular checks weekly, they don't require much skill or special tools, they take little time, and it pays off with the uptime of your car.

Tires:
keep an eye on the condition of the tires and the pressure in them: this will extend their service life, besides, your safety plays an important role here: external signs of violation and deviation from the norm are:

Lateral and central tire tread wear. The reason in this case is excessive pressure, check and adjust the tire pressure in accordance with the pressure standard for your car (information can be found on the middle pillar near the driver's door) the average rate for cars is about 2-2.2 atmospheres

Wear on both sides: insufficient pressure or frequent and sharp cornering at high speed - check the tire pressure, a calm driving style will save your tires (slow down!)

Electrical system:
The most common troubles are related to the battery, with a number of checks, most of them can be avoided:

Before you start working with the battery, read the safety rules!

Keep the battery clean, lubricate the terminals before winter with a preservative grease such as WD40

Make sure that the battery tray is in good condition: corrosion on the tray, clips and battery can be removed with an aqueous solution of soda, all metal parts damaged by corrosion should be treated with a zinc primer, then painted.

Approximately every three months, check the degree of charge of the battery and check the electrolyte level (if the level is low, add distilled water to the cans - this will avoid the destruction of the plates and, accordingly, the death of the battery)

By following these simple tips, you will never, even in severe frost, have an unpleasant situation that the car will not start.

Brakes:
It's better to find out about a brake fluid leak by checking its level in the reservoir than by suddenly failing brakes. Main precaution: brake fluid can damage eyes and painted surfaces!

Check brake fluid level, if low, add to medium level. Do not use fluid that has been exposed for some time, brake fluid can absorb moisture from the air, resulting in loss of braking performance.

Engine:
For good engine performance, the following checks must be performed regularly:

Inspection, testing and cleaning of the battery

Checking all engine fluids

Checking the condition and tension of auxiliary drive belts

Replacing Spark Plugs - Inspection of Ignition System Components

Check the condition of the air filter and replace it if necessary

Checking the fuel filter, replacing it if necessary - checking the condition of all hoses, including for leaks

Engine oil level:

Make sure the car is on level ground

The oil level must be checked before starting the engine or at least after 5 minutes. after turning it off

Modern engines are very demanding on oil quality - it is very important to use the right oil for your car.

If you have to add oil frequently, check the engine for leaks: place a sheet of clean paper under the car overnight and inspect it in the morning. If no leaks can be found, then most likely the engine is burning oil, which indicates a possible wear of oil-removable piston rings or oil-removable caps. But in some cars, oil "waste" up to 1 liter per 1000 km is the norm for engine design, carefully read the operating instructions, or consult a specialist

Always keep the oil level between the upper and lower marks on the dipstick: if the level is too low, the engine will be damaged; the oil seal may be damaged if the oil is overfilled.

Coolant level:

In no case do not remove the radiator and expansion tank caps while the engine is running and also until the engine has completely cooled down! you can burn yourself with hot steam and liquid (in some cars, the liquid is pumped under pressure into the system and in order to avoid unpleasant consequences, you should contact a car service station). Topping up can be done through the expansion tank. Do not leave the coolant canister open unattended - the liquid is poisonous!

Regular addition of coolant is not required, but if the cooling system has to be refueled frequently, then there is probably a leak - check the radiator, all hoses and connections, if found, contact a car service station

Power steering fluid level:

Park your car on level ground

With the engine idling, turn the steering wheel slowly from one extreme position to the other several times, then set the wheels to the straight-ahead position and stop the engine

To accurately determine the level, the steering gear must not rotate during the check and the engine must be warmed up to operating temperature

Do not leave a car with power steering parked with the wheels completely turned out. This can lead to a breakdown of the power steering pump, the cost of which can be more than one hundred $. In the parking lot, turn the steering wheel to position "0"

Important to remember : That when driving a car with a level of technical fluids below normal, they can damage the engine, and the cost of its repair will be much more than the cost of timely detection and elimination of leaks in the corresponding system. And remember, timely inspection, various types and frequency of technical car maintenance will allow you to identify problems in time and postpone car repairs for a long time. Good luck on the road. Sincerely, Akishin A.

Performed in the interval between scheduled and unscheduled repairs of production equipment. The goal is to guarantee reliable and continuous operation. Timely maintenance and competent operation significantly reduce repair costs and forced downtime.

Maintenance Tasks

It is safe to say that maintenance is a critical preventive action that is essential to ensure the continued operation of production equipment and machinery between scheduled maintenance operations. It involves the care and exercise of control over the operation of machines, their maintenance in good working order, scheduled maintenance, cleaning, flushing, adjusting, purging and other repairs of equipment.

Certain types of maintenance can be carried out directly on the operating equipment using breaks and days off. If there are appropriate permits in the operating instructions for mechanisms and equipment, it is possible to briefly disconnect them from the power grid until they stop completely. In such cases, some downtime is allowed, but so that production and

Regulatory documents

GOSTs regulating the use of maintenance systems and equipment repair are 18322-78 "System for maintenance and repair of equipment. Terms and definitions" and 28.001-83 "System for maintenance and repair of equipment. Basic provisions". It is these standards that determine the classification and types of maintenance of electrical equipment.

Classification of types of maintenance

assessment of wear of rubbing parts;
tightening of fasteners and tension elements;
check of protective devices and clips;
determination of noise and vibration;
regulation of the supply of coolants and oils, etc.

Some items are also included in the list of maintenance for press-forging, woodworking, foundry equipment, with the exception of specific features of operation and device.

Maintenance and repair system

The main task of automated systems , for which various types of maintenance are carried out, is to reduce the costs of this article of the enterprise budget and significantly increase the reliability class of machines and mechanisms, which helps to reduce the cost of production and, accordingly, increase income.

In the case of a repair, the task changes, since it is necessary to minimize not only losses, but also the frequency of the work itself (regardless of the type and volume). The ideal scheme that enterprises strive for is a complete rejection of which inevitably leads to unscheduled production shutdowns.

In addition, operation and maintenance, in particular repair work, is carried out under conditions of some uncertainty. Even the monitoring of the wear of industrial equipment and many years of experience cannot determine the specific volume and indicate the range of new spare parts for equipment. But the conveyor system involves the exact distribution of the necessary parts that may be required from the warehouse for a specific order.

What is a maintenance and repair system

The maintenance and repair system is a complex of interconnected specialists, technical devices, reporting and fixing the results of documentation. All of them are necessary to maintain the proper condition of industrial equipment, as defined by GOSTs.

All enterprises of the country use a unified concept of maintaining working machines and mechanisms in a state of uninterrupted performance, part of which is the use of a legally approved system of preventive maintenance (PPR).

This system is a full-fledged set of organizational and technical actions carried out as planned, aimed at monitoring and ensuring the working condition of the machines and mechanisms available on the balance sheet of the enterprise. Such a system is used during the entire period of operation of the equipment, subject to the regime and operating conditions specified by the manufacturer. Exact compliance with all requirements, recommendations and operating instructions is mandatory.

The system of scheduled preventive maintenance is based on the implementation of scheduled periodic inspections, control of the condition of the main equipment and is in the nature of a preventive measure. Thus, a set of measures that guarantee the maintenance of excellent performance of machines and mechanisms is carried out according to the developed monthly and annual schedules. The latter are compiled with the expectation of the inadmissibility and prevention of unexpected failure of industrial equipment, that is, in the expectation of reducing additional costs.

Maintenance of the maintenance and repair system

The introduction of a system of preventive maintenance in production is ensured by:

sufficient material and technical base and maintenance of a certain frequency of repair work, deadlines;
the full scope of the performed list of maintenance operations that guarantee the uninterrupted operation of machinery and equipment;
the shortest possible period of stay of the failed equipment in repair (especially overhaul).

Implementation of works

Depending on the category and technological importance of the equipment, as well as the stability of the processes produced and the safety of workers, certain types of repair work can be carried out as repairs due to a faulty technical condition, regulated (scheduled) repairs, repairs on the worked-out date, or a combination of them.

Repair of industrial equipment can be carried out by the owning enterprises that directly use it, as well as by specialized teams of manufacturing plants or repair enterprises. The priorities of these organizational schemes for each plant are arranged depending on the availability of their own reserves, equipment, qualifications of maintenance personnel and financial solvency. But each industrial enterprise may, at its own discretion, give preference to any method and form of PPR that best suits the main areas of production.

Maintenance terms

The types and terms of maintenance are calculated in days or months, and this depends on the complexity and type of industrial equipment. So, for example, calculations for (diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, etc.) are made according to the average values of overhaul runs.

The frequency, types and terms of maintenance are calculated according to the calendar time of operation and take into account the technical conditions of manufacturers.

Thus, as a result of a small analysis of the essence, classification, types of maintenance of industrial, production and technological equipment, we can conclude that it is necessary, systematic and mandatory strict control. It is the combination of these components that will allow enterprises to achieve uninterrupted operation of machines and mechanisms, which, in turn, contributes to budget savings, increased labor productivity and additional profit.

2.1. Maintenance (TO) - a set of operations to maintain the operability of equipment during its operation, while waiting (if the equipment is in reserve), storage and transportation.

The TO includes the following work package:

maintenance of equipment in good (or only operable) condition;
cleaning, lubricating, adjusting and tightening detachable connections, replacing individual components (wear parts) in order to prevent damage and progressive wear, as well as repairing minor damage.

In the scope of maintenance, work can be performed to assess the technical condition of the equipment to clarify the timing and scope of subsequent maintenance and repairs.

The TOR system is a system of maintenance and repair (planned and according to the actual technical condition of the equipment).

The system of maintenance (TO) and repair according to technical condition includes maintenance, diagnostic monitoring of the technical condition, performance of work during routine shutdowns* and restoration of a working state in case of deviation of the values of the diagnosed parameters from those established by the regulatory and technical documentation.

* Scheduled stop - stopping the operation of equipment for the production of work regulated by the current regulatory and technical documents (passports, TU, RD, etc.)

2.2. The specific content of work for each type of maintenance of the equipment of the enterprise is determined by the job descriptions and regulations set forth in this document, by type of equipment.

2.3. Repair - a set of operations to restore serviceability or operability and complete or partial restoration of the resource of equipment and its components, ensuring operation with a given reliability and efficiency in the periods between repairs and diagnostic controls.

2.4. Current repair (T) - repair carried out during operation to ensure the guaranteed operability of the equipment, consisting in the replacement and restoration of its individual parts and their adjustment.

2.5. Maintenance is assigned to prevent failures and restore the operability of enterprise equipment.

2.6. Medium repair (C) - repair performed to restore the operability and partial restoration of the equipment resource based on the results of diagnostics and the amount of its operating time with the replacement or restoration of components of a limited range and control of the technical condition of the components, performed in the prescribed amount.

2.7. Overhaul (C) - a repair performed to restore serviceability and complete or close to complete restoration of the resource of equipment with the replacement or restoration of any of its parts, including basic ones, and their adjustment.

2.9. Operational diagnostic control - control of the technical condition of the equipment, carried out in accordance with the schedule, as well as the operational parameters of the equipment at a given time and in dynamics.

2.10. Scheduled diagnostic control - control of the actual technical condition of the enterprise equipment by parameters that allow assessing the technical condition of the equipment, making a forecast of its performance, operating time before repair or until the next diagnostic control, and determining the amount and type of repair.

2.11. Unscheduled diagnostic control - control of the technical condition of the enterprise's equipment, carried out in the event of a sharp change in the values of constantly monitored parameters or in the case when, based on the results of operational control, a decision is made about the alleged development of the defect.

2.12. Operational state (operability) - the state of the equipment, in which the values of all parameters characterizing the ability to perform the specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical and (or) design (project) documentation.

2.13. Inoperable state (inoperability) - the state of an object in which the value of at least one parameter characterizing the ability to perform the specified functions does not meet the requirements of regulatory and technical and (or) design (project) documentation.

2.14. The frequency of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) is the time interval or operating time between a given type of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) and the subsequent one of the same type or another of greater complexity.

The type of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) is understood as maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) allocated (selected) according to one of the signs:

stage of existence, periodicity, scope of work, operating conditions, regulation.

2.15. Repair cycle - the smallest repeating time interval or equipment operating time, during which all established types of repairs are performed in a certain sequence in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.

2.16. Repair according to technical condition - a repair in which the technical condition is monitored at intervals and to the extent established in the regulatory and technical documentation, and the scope and start time of the repair is determined by the current technical condition, information about which is obtained from the results of diagnostic control or reliability data product or its components.

2.17. According to the degree of equipment failure, repairs can be carried out according to the typical scope of work for current, medium or major repairs.

2.18. A scheduled shutdown is a shutdown of the operation of equipment for the production of maintenance, diagnostic and repair work, regulated by the current regulatory and technical documents (passports, TU, GOST, RD, etc.).

2.19. Operating time - the total duration or volume of equipment operation.

2.20. The operating time before a scheduled shutdown is considered to be the operating time until the work regulated by other applicable documents.

2.21. Labor intensity of maintenance (repair, diagnostic control) - labor costs for carrying out one maintenance (repair, control) of this type.

2.22. Spare part (spare part) - a component of the equipment intended to replace the same part that was in operation in order to maintain or restore the operability of the equipment.

2.23. The exchange fund is a stock of the most important spare parts located at specially designated storage bases for restoring the number of spare parts and promptly carrying out repair work to restore the operability of the enterprise's equipment.

2.24 TDiNO service - technical diagnostics and equipment reliability service

Each car owner and potential buyer has thought more than once in his life about what kind of car (firm and model) is really of high quality and will live a long life. It is impossible to get an unambiguous answer to this question, but it can be said that any equipment is able to work smoothly for a long period of time if scheduled maintenance is not skipped and left for later. Never forget this. The main purpose of maintenance is to keep the machine running normally. It includes small complex works on checking parts, finding faults and their immediate elimination. And also special attention is paid to appearance.

Many owners barely distinguish between repair and maintenance. It is necessary to clarify once again that the latter is a preventive measure, a way to prevent many “diseases” of the car.

Types of preventive measures

So, maintenance is carried out in several ways:

forcibly;
according to plan;
after reaching a certain mileage;
at will or need, regardless of the technical condition of the car.

There are certain types of maintenance that are documented:

EO. These alphabetic characters indicate the check of the car every day.
TO-1 and TO-2. Has a simple explanation of the abbreviation - maintenance #1 and #2.
CO. It's about checking every season.

All of them differ in a different set of tasks, goals and solutions, as well as their different frequency of maintenance. The last criterion depends on the brand of the car, its model, as well as the time of general operation. More often, prevention should be carried out if the car drives off-road, is actively used in winter and in summer, when the air temperature is too high. TO-1 and TO-2 are produced, as a rule, after reaching a certain mileage. At the beginning of the inspection, the conditions under which the car moved were also taken into account: climate, topography and other determining factors.

Daily Maintenance

EO is carried out every day after a long trip. The main task of the repairmen is to bring the appearance of the car into the proper form, the internal parts - into the correct condition, in checking the tank and filling it with gasoline, adding oil, water and air. Tires should also be inspected and replaced if necessary. Although you can do it yourself, you still need to observe the frequency of maintenance.

The main tasks of daily maintenance:

maintenance and improvement of the appearance of the machine;
control of the filling of the tank and its refueling;
oil regulation, which is necessary for engine operation;
checking the brake system and cooling system of the unit;
washer fluid control.

The cost of daily maintenance sometimes reaches high figures, so not everyone wants to bring their “swallow” to the station every day. This is quite logical, and you can understand such a driver. However, at least once or twice every two weeks, the car should be taken for preventive measures.

First maintenance

TO-1 includes a complex of all operations that are included in the daily preventive examination. In doing so, an additional amount of various lubrication, fastening and other maintenance work of this type is performed. However, the removal of various devices - the unit or other important mechanisms - is not planned. The car is not examined in more detail.

Second maintenance

Of course, TO-2 includes all the work performed during the first service. Additionally, a “deep” inspection is performed, in which more parts are considered separately and replaced if necessary.

Seasonal inspections

Maintenance of equipment is carried out at the stations during the transition to winter and summer periods. With a stable and comfortable climate (for example, in central Russia), there are no problems when inspecting and replacing the necessary elements. The most important work in seasonal inspections is changing the washer fluid and changing tires. It is also not uncommon for the body to be treated against corrosion.

In regions where the climate is merciless, service stations carry out engine oil changes depending on the upcoming season. An ordinary liquid, which is supposedly intended for any season, changes its consistency due to constant fluctuations in ambient temperature. For example, due to severe frosts, it becomes like thick honey. Subsequently, it will be difficult (or impossible) to start the car. In the summer, you should use just such an oil, since the winter oil loses all its properties and becomes useless.

Maintenance work

When repair and maintenance is carried out, any machine is diagnosed, after which the following work is performed:

checking fastenings of parts and elements;
checking the filling of the tank;
diagnostics of electrical wiring and compliance of the paper circuit with the real one;
control check of vehicle performance and complete final diagnostics;
adjustment work;
lubrication work.

What should I pay attention to before the trip?

Leaving the garage, the driver must be sure that each system of the car is working. That is why you should pay attention to the following nuances that will help maintain a special frequency of maintenance:

body and complete set of the car;
the correct location of the side mirrors and their presence;
license plates and their readability (it is important that they are not stained with dirt);
the presence of locks on the doors, trunk and hood and their stable operation;
full serviceability of all electrical systems (wipers, headlights, etc.);
availability of all necessary liquids;
tightness of systems;
normal operation of the steering wheel;
correct operation of measuring devices.

Tires

The first step is to monitor tire pressure. Not only the long operational period of the wheels depends on this, but also the safety of the driver.

You need to pay attention to the following factors that will help detect problems.

The maintenance system includes checking for wear on both side and center treads. The cause of this problem may be excessive tire pressure. It should be adjusted to get rid of unnecessary problems and rapid wear.
Simultaneous wear on both sides. This is facilitated by sharp and constant entry into turns. If the tire pressure is incorrect, the problem is exacerbated.
Wear on one side only. You need to pay attention to the camber of the wheels.

Electrical systems

The most common problems are with the battery. If you check it every day, then avoiding the problem is easy enough:

Operation and maintenance includes an accurate check of the battery. If you do this manually, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the safety precautions.
The instrument must be kept clean and free from clogging and debris.
In winter, be sure to lubricate the battery with special grease.
Particular attention should be paid to the tray. If corrosion has appeared, then it must be removed with a saline solution. When the metal succumbs to destruction, it is best to treat the surface with zinc liquid, and then paint it.
The battery level should be checked every three months.

Thanks to these tips, the car will start like a clock in any frost.

Brake system

Whatever the frequency of maintenance, the brake system should be checked for leakage constantly, and the more often, the better. After all, few people want to know about a malfunction while driving, when the car simply refuses to respond to the driver’s desire to stop. When checking, remember that the liquid is dangerous and can easily harm the eyes.

When pouring a new solution, it should be borne in mind that it should not stand open in the air for a long time. Otherwise, the latter will fall into the liquid, and it will be difficult to slow down.

Engine

Of course, the engine is an important component of any car. It needs to be checked as often as the brake system. Any types of maintenance have in their list of tasks the inspection of the unit.

It is necessary to pay attention to the cleanliness of the engine as a whole.
You should not forget about the liquids that need to be constantly topped up and monitor their condition.
The drive belts must be given special attention.
The ignition system should also not be bypassed. And it is best to even replace the candles, which will soon complete their operational period.
The air filter must also be checked and replaced if necessary.
Replacing and maintaining the fuel filter is also included in the list of tasks at the service station during a scheduled inspection. Pay special attention to leakage. It should not be, which, in principle, is quite logical and understandable to every driver.

With the engine, it is better if the driver is poorly versed in the car system, not to work on his own. The maintenance tools used at the stations allow monitoring and replacement of parts in half the time.

Engine oil

Before you check the engine oil, you must properly install the car. The process should be started either before turning on the engine, or five minutes after turning it off. When buying oil, you should pay attention to whether it is suitable for the installed type of unit. After all, modern technology is too demanding and capricious in such matters. If the driver notices that he constantly has to change the oil (too often), then you need to look for a leak. Sometimes it happens that the latter could not be found. In this case, we can talk about the wear of the pistons in the engine. Regular maintenance intervals will help you notice any existing problems. But some models themselves require oil changes too often. You should consult with a service station employee or read the instructions. It is recommended to maintain the oil level at an average level at all times. If there is too little fluid, then there is a chance to spoil the stuffing box.

coolant level

Until the engine is completely cool, do not open the grille and reservoir. Hot vapor and liquid can damage body parts of the driver or workshop worker. Top up the substance should be through the tank. It is impossible to leave the canister open unattended, as it poses a danger to the environment (contains poison).

Power Steering Fluid

To check the condition of the power steering fluid, park the vehicle on level ground. Before turning off the unit, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel to the extreme position during idle and put the wheel system in the direction of rectilinear movement. In order to perform a fluid check and obtain correct and accurate results, the control wheel must be locked in a certain position, and the engine must be warmed up to an average operating temperature.

Why is it so important to visit the service station?

The machine is constantly exposed to dust, sunlight, and vibrations. This applies to any car, even if drivers try to drive only on smooth roads. Those machines that for a long time without operation deteriorate much faster than those that are used frequently. Of course, the main parts will not become unusable, but the rubber elements will age over time, and they will have to be changed. Therefore, if a car with a mileage of 3 thousand km has stood in the garage for a long time, it must first be taken to the station in order to carry out maintenance. The service station has enough equipment, and the employees will carry out the work in a short time.